Extras
CAPS-2018
- CAPS. Stage 1.
- CAPS. Stage 2.
- CAPS. Stage 3.
Functional model
Hierarchical process model
Useful technical system
Analogies
Causal model
Principles of resolving technical contradictions
- Principle 1. Segmentation Principle
- Principle 2. Separation Principle
- Principle 3. Local Quality Principle
- Principle 4. Symmetry Change Principle
- Principle 5. Merging Principle
- Principle 6. Multifunctionality Principle
- Principle 7. Nesting Principle
- Principle 8. Weight Compensation Principle
- Principle 9. Preliminary Counteraction Principle
- Principle 10. Preliminary Action Principle
- Principle 11. Beforehand Compensation Principle
- Principle 12. Equipotentiality Principle
- Principle 13. The Other Way Around Principle
- Principle 14. Curvature Increase Principle
- Principle 15. Dynamic Parts Principle
- Principle 16. Partial or Excessive Actions Principle
- Principle 17. Dimensionality Change Principle
- Principle 18. Mechanical Vibration
- Principle 19. Periodic Action Principle
- Principle 20. Continuity of Useful Action Principle
- Principle 21. Skipping Principle
- Principle 22. Blessing in Disguise
- Principle 23. Feedback Principle
- Principle 24. Intermediary Principle
- Principle 25. Self-Service Principle
- Principle 26. Copying Principle
- Principle 27. Cheap Disposables
- Principle 28. Mechanical Interaction Substitution
- Principle 29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics
- Principle 30. Flexible Shells and Thin Films
- Principle 31. Porous Materials
- Principle 32. Optical Property Changes
- Principle 33. Homogeneity Principle
- Principle 34. Discarding and Recovering Principle
- Principle 35. Parameter Changes
- Principle 36. Phase Transitions
- Principle 37. Thermal Expansion
- Principle 38. Strong Oxidants
- Principle 39. Inert Atmosphere
- Principle 40. Composite Materials
Standard problem solutions
- Class 1
- Class 2
- Class 3
- Class 4
- Class 5
Evolution Patterns
- 1. Mono-bi-poly of identical objects
- 2. Expanding
- 3. Trimming
- 4. Segmentation
- 5. Evolution of surface
- 6. Internal structure evolution
- 7. Geometric evolution
- 8. Dynamization
- 9. Controllability
- 10. Сoordination
Glossary
Literature

Principle 2. Separation Principle

This technique is a variation of the Segmentation Principle and stipulates separation of a part from the object to place it in the most favourable conditions for operation of the system as a whole.

Traditional definition

Remove an interfering part (property) from the object or, conversely, separate the only necessary part (property).

Application of this principle largely depends on the current and necessary circumstances. It happens that we have to do something but it is impossible or inexpedient to apply the system as a whole to that end. It is either expensive and complicated or the system application is constrained by the resulting harmful factors or the system is technically unable to perform the necessary action. In this case, it is necessary to separate from the system its part necessary to perform the action required and to consider the possibility of its operation separately from the system. Under the circumstances, the system provides the part separated with energy and acts as a control device.

A situation can occur where a part of the system creates a harmful phenomenon interfering with operation of the system as a whole. This can include phenomena occurring during the system operation: noise, heat overload of components, harmful chemical exposure etc. A part of the system can cause damage by its existence in the system structure: occupy a place, be inconvenient in maintenance and repair, adversely affect other components of the system etc. In this case, it is advisable to remove the dysfunctional part of the system to a place where the harmful effects it produces will not affect the condition and operation of the system as a whole.

When applying the Separation Principle, it is possible to consider not only the system components but also the operations and processes performed. What to consider depends on the specific case which arises when addressing the issue.

The Separation Principle us applied to create a new rational structure of the system which is better adapted for its operation. Upon applying the principle, it is necessary to thoroughly balance the system, its attributes, dynamisation, and controllability in the first place.

EXAMPLES

Example. A computer with a detachable display
The display is an essential part, an operation component of the computer. Separating its operation component, developers enabled the user to use it conveniently. You can hang a detachable display on the wall for a presentation. If it is equipped with the minimum memory and a simple processor you can take it along when travelling.

Example. Ground air-conditioning unit
If the air temperature is high, the problem of cooling the aircraft cabin occurs at the airport. If you use the aircraft air-conditioning unit you burn to little effect because such a unit operates only when the engines are running. To promptly and efficiently cool the aircraft on the ground, the unit is removed from the system, i.e. the ground air-conditioning unit on a vehicle or a stationary one is used.

Example. Reconnaissance UAV
When driving a vehicle in a busy road or in other complicated driving conditions it is important to know the traffic situation ahead. To address the issue, a flying robot, a quadcopter, is used. The robot is launched into the air and moves in front of the vehicle transmitting the traffic situation to the driver's display.

Example. Towed parafoil antenna
The ship-antenna operation relies heavily on how high it is located. Therefore, the TALONS system appears to be of interest, it provides for bringing the antenna much higher while using a wing made in the form of a parafoil. Applying such an idea enables to increase the range of communication systems because no ship is equipped with masts of this height.

Example. Cogeneration plant
Plants supplying an urban area with heat and power (cogeneration plants) burn coal, fuel oil, gas, and other fossil fuels. This results in polluting emissions: smoke, smoke particles, carbon monoxide. Therefore, cogeneration plants are taken away and placed at a safe distance from residential buildings.

Video example

Air Train

Principle 1. Segmentation Principle

Principle 3. Local Quality Principle